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Why Conversion Therapy is Harmful: The Importance of Affirming Identities in Mental Health

 Conversion therapy—often referred to as “reparative therapy” or “sexual orientation change efforts”—has been widely discredited by the medical and psychological communities due to its lack of scientific backing and its harmful effects on those subjected to it. Despite this, conversion therapy still persists in some communities, often under the influence of toxic religious beliefs. It is time to understand why conversion therapy is not only ineffective but dangerous, and why affirming LGBTQ+ identities is crucial for mental and emotional well-being.

The Lack of Evidence Behind Conversion Therapy

One of the most significant issues with conversion therapy is that it is not grounded in any credible scientific evidence. The American Psychological Association (APA) clearly states that there is insufficient evidence that sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are effective. In fact, the APA affirms that these therapies can lead to significant harm, including increased depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts (American Psychological Association, 2021). The Human Rights Campaign further adds that there is clear evidence that conversion therapy does not work and significant evidence that it harms LGBTQ+ individuals.

Despite claims by some groups, no reputable scientific studies have shown that individuals can change their sexual orientation or gender identity through therapy. On the contrary, research overwhelmingly supports that these interventions only contribute to emotional and psychological distress.

Psychological and Emotional Damage of Conversion Therapy

The emotional toll of conversion therapy cannot be overstated. Studies have shown that individuals who undergo these practices are at an increased risk of experiencing depression, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation. The Trevor Project highlights that LGBTQ+ youth who have undergone conversion therapy are more than twice as likely to attempt suicide compared to their peers who have not been subjected to such harmful interventions (Trevor Project, 2023). These findings underscore the significant psychological damage caused by trying to force someone to change their sexual identity or gender.

Furthermore, the APA’s position is clear: conversion therapy is not only ineffective but also degrading, inhuman, and unethical. It disregards the autonomy of individuals and undermines their mental health by promoting shame and guilt over their natural identities.

The Influence of Toxic Religiosity

Conversion therapy is often rooted in religious dogma rather than scientific evidence. Many religious groups continue to promote conversion efforts, framing LGBTQ+ identities as immoral or sinful. This harmful ideology stems from outdated religious beliefs, not from a place of care or understanding. It is deeply troubling that conversion therapy is still supported under the guise of religious morality.

The rhetoric behind these practices often portrays LGBTQ+ individuals as broken or in need of "fixing." However, this belief is rooted in toxic religiosity that fails to recognize the inherent dignity of LGBTQ+ people and their right to live authentic, fulfilling lives. As these religious organizations continue to perpetuate conversion therapy, they fail to recognize the profound harm they are causing in the name of faith.

Affirming Identities Saves Lives

In stark contrast to the harm caused by conversion therapy, affirming LGBTQ+ identities has been shown to improve mental health and overall well-being. Research consistently shows that when LGBTQ+ individuals are accepted and affirmed by their families, communities, and healthcare providers, they experience lower rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association both stress the importance of gender-affirming care and support for individuals who are navigating their sexual orientation or gender identity.

The Trevor Project’s research indicates that gender-affirming care and LGBTQ+ acceptance significantly reduce the risk of suicide and self-harm. Supporting someone’s authentic self, without trying to change or alter their identity, can dramatically improve their mental health and their quality of life.

Affirming a person's gender identity or sexual orientation is more than just a form of support—it can literally save lives. When individuals are allowed to live authentically, they experience a greater sense of belonging and connection to the world around them. It’s this connection that empowers them to thrive, rather than simply survive.

Conclusion: Embracing Affirmation and Acceptance

Conversion therapy is an outdated, harmful practice that offers no real solutions. It is based on toxic beliefs and a profound misunderstanding of human identity and psychology. By contrast, affirming LGBTQ+ identities not only supports mental well-being but also encourages individuals to live authentic, healthy lives. We must reject conversion therapy and embrace evidence-based, compassionate approaches that allow people to be who they truly are.

If you or someone you know is struggling with their identity or has experienced conversion therapy, it’s important to seek support from professionals who practice affirming care. Together, we can work toward a world where all people, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity, are supported, celebrated, and allowed to thrive.

Here are some ways to get in touch with The Trevor Project, 24/7: 
  • Text START to 678-678. You’ll be connected to a trained counselor and be able to message them privately.
  • If you want to speak to a counselor directly and confidentially over the phone, you can call 866-488-7386. 
  • Or, if you want to chat online, visit TrevorChat.org

References:

American Psychological Association. (2021). Resolution on sexual orientation change efforts (reparative therapy) [PDF]. https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-sexual-orientation-change-efforts.pdf

Trevor Project. (2023). Ending conversion therapy. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/ending-conversion-therapy/

Human Rights Campaign. (2021). The lies and dangers of reparative therapy. https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy


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